First Italo-Ethiopian War Battle of Adwa

The Battle of Adwa occurred on March 1, 1896, and was the decisive engagement of the first Italo-Ethiopian War (1895-1896). Italian Commanders General Oreste Baratieri17,700 men56 guns Ethiopian Commanders Emperor Menelik IIapprox. 110,000 men Battle of Adwa Overview Seeking to expand their colonial empire in Africa, Italy invaded independent Ethiopia in 1895. Led by the governor of Eritrea, General Oreste Baratieri, Italian forces penetrated deep into Ethiopia before being compelled to fall back to defensible positions in the border region of Tigray. Entrenching at Sauria with 20,000 men, Baratieri hoped to lure Emperor Menelik IIs army into attacking his position. In such a fight, the Italian armys technological superiority in rifles and artillery could be best put to use against the emperors larger force. Advancing to Adwa with approximately 110,000 men (82,000 w/ rifles, 20,000 w/ spears, 8,000 cavalry), Menelik refused to be lured into assaulting Baratieris lines. The two forces remained in place through February 1896, with their supply situations rapidly deteriorating. Pressured by the government in Rome to act, Baratieri called a council of war on February 29th. While Baratieri initially advocated for a withdrawal back to Asmara, his commanders universally called for an attack on the Ethiopian camp. After some waffling, Baratieri acquiesced to their request and began preparing for an assault. Unknown to the Italians, Meneliks food situation was equally dire and the emperor was considering falling back before his army began to melt away. Moving out around 2:30 AM on March 1, Baratieris plan called for the brigades of Brigadier Generals Matteo Albertone (left), Giuseppe Arimondi (center), and Vittorio Dabormida (right) to advance to high ground overlooking Meneliks camp at Adwa. Once in place, his men would fight a defensive battle using the terrain to their advantage. The brigade of Brigadier General Giuseppe Ellena would also advance but would remain in reserve. Shortly after the Italian advance commenced, problems began to arise as inaccurate maps and extremely rough terrain led to Baratieris troops becoming lost and disoriented. While Dabormidas men pushed forward, part of Albertones brigade became entangled with Arimondis men after the columns collided in the darkness. The ensuing confusion was not sorted out until around 4 a.m. Pushing on, Albertone reached what he thought was his objective, the hill of Kidane Meret. Halting, he was informed by his native guide that Kidane Meret was actually another 4.5 miles ahead. Continuing their march, Albertones askaris (native troops) moved around 2.5 miles before encountering the Ethiopian lines. Traveling with the reserve, Baratieri began to receive reports of fighting on his left wing. To support this, he sent orders to Dabormida at 7:45 AM to swing his men to the left to support Albertone and Arimondi. For an unknown reason, Dabormida failed to comply and his command drifted to the right opening a two-mile gap in the Italian lines. Through this gap, Menelik pushed 30,000 men under Ras Makonnen. Fighting against increasingly overwhelming odds, Albertones brigade beat back numerous Ethiopian charges, inflicting heavy casualties. Dismayed by this, Menelik contemplated retreating but was convinced by Empress Taitu and Ras Maneasha to commit his 25,000-man imperial guard to the fight. Storming forward, they were able to overwhelm Albertones position around 8:30 AM and captured the Italian brigadier. The remnants of Albertones brigade fell back on Arimondis position at Mount Bellah, two miles to the rear. Closely followed by the Ethiopians, Albertones survivors prevented their comrades from opening fire at long range and soon Arimondis troops were closely engaged with the enemy on three sides. Watching this fight, Baratieri assumed that Dabormida was still moving to their aid. Attacking in waves, the Ethiopians suffered horrific casualties as Italians doggedly defended their lines. Around 10:15 AM, Arimondis left began to crumble. Seeing no other option, Baratieri ordered a retreat from Mouth Bellah. Unable to maintain their lines in the face of the enemy, the retreat quickly became a rout. On the Italian right, the wayward Dabormidas brigade was engaging the Ethiopians in the valley of Mariam Shavitu. At 2:00 PM, after four hours of fighting, Dabormida having heard nothing from Baratieri for hours began to openly wonder what happened to the rest of the army. Seeing his position as untenable, Dabormida began conducting an orderly, fighting withdraw along a track to the north. Begrudgingly giving up each yard of earth, his men fought valiantly until Ras Mikail arrived on the field with a large number of Oromo cavalry. Charging through the Italian lines they effectively wiped out Dabormidas brigade, killing the general in the process. Aftermath The Battle of Adwa cost Baratieri around 5,216 killed, 1,428 wounded, and approximately 2,500 captured. Among the prisoners, 800 Tigrean askari were subjected to the punishment of having their right hands and left feet amputated for disloyalty. In addition, over 11,000 rifles and most of the Italians heavy equipment was lost and captured by Meneliks forces. Ethiopian forces suffered approximately 7,000 killed and 10,000 wounded in the battle. In the wake of his victory, Menelik elected not to drive the Italians out of Eritrea, preferring instead to limit his demands to the abrogation of the unfair 1889 Treaty of Wuchale, Article 17 of which had led to the conflict. As a result of the Battle of Adwa, the Italians entered into negotiations with Menelik which resulted in the Treaty of Addis Ababa. Ending the war, the treaty saw Italy recognize Ethiopia as an independent state and clarified the border with Eritrea. Sources Ethiopian History: Battle of AdwaEthiopia: Battle of AdwaHistorynet: Battle of Adowa

Jewish ROles in Medieval Europe Essay - 521 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many disputes as to when exactly the Jewish people and their roles in medieval civilization became apparent to the Christian and Islam peoples of the time. Various time periods are claimed by various different authors, however in this particular case I have utilized the historical writings of Louis Finkelstein. In one of his many books, we find that his perception of Jews in this time are from about 1000 AD to 1603AD. These dates seem to encompass the entire Middle Ages much better than some of the other speculations made by various other Jewish authors. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many events were taking shape towards the end of the first century, and this is where Finkelstein finds it necessary†¦show more content†¦We must also recognize however, that the Crusades began in 1096 and caused much hardship and destruction to many Jewish families and their property, although in this time many Jews did not own much land. Moreover, Finkelstein is very confident in his assertion that 1000 and the establishment of the courts is the starting point for the Jews in the Middle Ages. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lastly, we see that Finkelstein decides to end his time period of the Jews in the Middle Ages with the year 1603. Many other authors have ended their time periods from as early as 1306 with the Jews first expulsion from France (Graetz), to as late as 1791 and the French Revolution (Marcus). Finkelstein decides to use 1603 because of its significance in regard to it being the year Queen Elizabeth dies, along with prosperity of the Elizabethan Era, and James I takes the throne. This has many implications for the Jewish people, most of which could be the rewriting of the Bible and the New Testament. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is evident that we see many different accounts from many different scholars and authors as to when the period that we define as the Jewish Middle Ages starts and finishes. Louis Finkelstein has narrowed it down to the beginning being the year 1000 AD and the end being the year 1603AD. The roles and privileges of the JewishShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jewish Women in Medieval Ashkenaz1547 Words   |  7 Pages Medieval Jewish society, like all traditional Jewish culture, was run by patriarchal hierarchy â€Å"Philosophical, medical, and religious views of the time all supported the view that men were superior to women both in nature and in deed† . Women’s position in society was secondary in comparison to that of men. They were characterized as lightheaded, weak, easily seduced, and linked to sorcery. This essay will focus on the Jewish women living in the medieval society of Ashkenaz, a region of northernRead MoreAnti Semitism By Jacob Von Konigshofen1196 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of Jewish history, there has always been an underlying feeling of anti-Semitism. The most well-known acts of anti-Semitism was the atrocities of the 20th century obliteration of the Jewish population within Nazi Germany. While this is the most commercialized, it certainly was not the first and only acts of anti-Semitism. From the sack of Jerusalem to the Crusades and later Hitler’s Final Solution, anti-Semitism has been a far reaching and invasive opinion of the masses. The â€Å"CremationRead MoreThe Demon s Parchment By Jeri Westerson999 Words   |  4 PagesEngland. The historical setting of the book references the Medieval Period of Europe, a dark age filled with superstition, disease, and political overturn. Westerson’s setting incorporates elements of religion and politics, offering a view of Medieval England from Guest’s perspective; the narrative also does a thorough job accurately describing the breadth and depth of the Christian-Jewish hostility of the era, as well as portraying the enormous role of the English Church in everyday life. First, WestersonRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Jewish Population868 Words   |  4 PagesBefore World War II there had been Jews living in Eastern Europe since before the Medieval Ages. It seems as if the Jewish population had grown accustom to their ever changing role in society, based off of who was in power and in what area they lived. There had always been persecution towards Jews based off of their religious practices, which seemed foreign to their neighbors all across Eastern Europe. Despite the consistent religious persecution Jews found ways to assimilate into their new surroundingsRead More The Rise Of Christianity Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagesof Plato. Neo-Platonism was like a rational science that attempted to break down and describe every aspect of the divine essence and its relationship with the human soul. An Alexandrian Jew named Philo tried using Greek philosophy to interpret the Jewish scriptures. He wanted to unite the two traditions by suggesting that the Greek philosophers had been inspired by the same God who had revealed himself to the Jews. But only Christianity had the right combination of ingredients to appeal to bothRead MoreThe Unconverted Self By Jonathan Boyarin Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Unconverted Self, author Jonathan Boyarin reexamines the relationship between Christian Europe and the world around it, especially in the context of interreligious dialogue as a means of defining Christian identity. The common school of thought, as presented in this book, is that European identity reaches modernity after 1492 with the discovery of the radically different culture of Indigenous Americans (p. 9). Boyarin argues that this is untrue, as this belief operates under the incorrectRead MoreThe Catholic Church s Stance On Peaceful Conversion1587 Words   |  7 PagesConversion to Christianity in Medieval Iberia invoked ambivalent feelings among Christians at the time. Christians in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries intended to convert Jews and Muslims through kind words and religious teachings from the Bi ble. This idea of peaceful conversion, nevertheless, evolved and Christians began converting non-believers through violence and compulsion. Also, even after individuals were converted, Christians did not always fully trust their motivations, and believedRead MoreHow The Roman Catholic Church s Stance On Peaceful Conversion Was Overcome By Local Christian Communities1524 Words   |  7 PagesConversion in Medieval Iberia can invoke ambivalent feelings. Christians originally wanted to convert Jews and Muslims through kind words and religious teachings from the Bible. This idea, nevertheless, evolved over the centuries and Christians began converting non-believers through violence and compulsion. Also, even after individuals were converted, Christians did not fully trust their motivations, and believed they would remiss into their old religions. While Marian miracles did help alleviateRead MoreAnti  ­ Semitism Is Prevalent Throughout The World1376 Words   |  6 Pagesprevalen t throughout the world for centuries. There is something about the Jewish race that makes them a target. The cause towards this hostility can be looked at both through religious and through other motivations. They have been treated like scapegoats during predicaments that did not even involve them. The ritual murder accusation at Blois, France in 1171 for example is one of the first cases of blood libel in Europe for which technically isn t even a practiced ritual by the Jews. Even thoughRead MoreThe Idea Of Otherness Has Played A Large Part Of Latin Christian Society1969 Words   |  8 Pages The idea of ‘otherness’ has played a large role in Western Europe throughout history, with â€Å"those who would not or could not blend into the majority† being targeted, as the dominant group shaped perceptions and beliefs. The persecution of minorities became a large part of Latin Christian society in the middle ages. Those who were different from the ‘norm,’ or those who did not fit into the Church’s concept of an ideal society, were branded as ‘others’ and viewed with increasing suspicion throughout

Direct Tax Code- M.Govind Rao, R. Kavita Rao free essay sample

insight Direct taxes Code: need for greater Reflection M Govinda Rao, R Kavita Rao A new tax code that overhauls the complexities that have emerged in the Income Tax Act of 1961 has been long overdue. The draft Direct Taxes Code put out by the Finance Ministry for discussion and comment does just that in a number of areas. At the same time questions must be posed of the sweeping reduction in rates and restructuring of slabs in income tax, which are likely to rob the exchequer of a significant amount of income. Questions must also be asked of the proposed taxation of not-for-profit organisations. M Govinda Rao ([emailprotected] org. in) and R Kavita Rao ([emailprotected] oirg. in) are with the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy. Economic Political Weekly EPW n the 2009-10 budget speech, Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee promised to build â€Å"†¦a trust based simple, neutral tax system with almost no exemptions and low rates designed to promote voluntary compliance† and towards that end, committed to unveil a Draft Code of Direct Taxes for public discussion. The purpose of the new code is to simplify the enormous complexities in direct taxes since the enactment of Income Tax Act, 1961. As stated by the finance minister, the objective of the new code is, â€Å"†¦to improve the efficiency and equity of our tax system by eliminating distortions in the tax structure, introducing moderate levels of taxation and expanding the tax base†. In fact, periodic redrafting of the code is necessary to update the tax system to conform to emerging economic realities and clean up the complexities it acquires over the years. Income taxes – both individual and corporate – have indeed become extremely complex over the years. The plethora of exemptions and tax preferences to fulfil a variety of objectives has not only eroded the base, it has also complicated the tax system with unintended consequences on resource allocation. The complexities in the Income Tax Act have only made the legal and accountants’ professions very lucrative. The situation has led not only to high administrative and compliance costs but also significant distortions in resource allocation. Not surprisingly, the taxpayers are very enthused at the all-round reduction in the rates, but not on giving up exemptions and preferences. On the whole, the media and businesses have welcomed the draft code on the perception that a significant proportion of the taxpayers – both persons and businesses – will have to pay lower taxes. In fact, virtually everyone is oblivious of the revenue implications, and take it for granted that the expansion in the vol xliv no 37 I base proposed in the code will compensate for the revenue loss due to a change in the structure. It was John Maynard Keynes who stated, â€Å"Soon or late, it is ideas and not vested interests that are dangerous for good or evil†. But in India, the tax system has been affected more by vested interests than by ideas and eventually, we should not end up with lower rates along with continued exemptions and preferences! This article attempts to evaluate the important changes proposed by the new code. 1 Personal income tax The attempts to broaden the base by doing away with several exemptions and preferences in the new code are truly welcome and they can help in reworking the strategy towards achieving fiscal consolidation. In general, removal of exemptions and preferences is also important from the point of view of avoiding unintended distortions in the economy, reducing the compliance cost and ensuring greater horizontal equity. The best practice approach to tax reform advocates broadening the base not only to achieve greater neutrality and minimise the influence of vested interests on the tax system but also to raise revenues at lower tax rates. The latter is important, for, the distortions caused by the tax system is roughly equivalent to the square of the tax rate, and the lower the rate, the lower will be the distortions. The new code seeks to broaden the base of individual income tax in a number of ways. The benefits provided by the employer such as free or concessional housing, medical benefits in any form, value of leave travel concessions and any encashment of unavailed earned leave would be included in the taxable income. Similarly, limited deductions will be allowed in medical expenses, interest on loans taken for higher education, rent paid and donations to specified causes. This reduces the scope of deductions to a considerable extent when compared to the present regime. Removal of housing Loan Exemptions An important area where a substantial change is sought to be made to limit the september 12, 2009 35 InsIght deductions is in respect of housing loans. In the prevailing system, interest paid on a housing loan is deductible from total income irrespective of whether the house is earning rental income or not. Further, repayment of the principal could be utilised as a part of the investments under section 80C. However, in the new code, deduction of loan repaid will no longer be deductible, and deduction on interest paid will be available only when the house earns rental income and will be limited to the extent of rent received. This is an important change, for there is no evidence to show that this incentive enhances the purchasing power of the taxpayer to acquire residential dwellings. In fact, anecdotal evidence suggests that the expansion in the benefits from this tax preference is accompanied by an increase in the price of dwellings. In other words, the benefits of this tax preference could be appropriated by the developers rather than individuals. treatment of savings The code proposes to make a major departure in the treatment of savings from the prevailing system of total exemption on savings as well as the return from savings to a system of Exempt-Exempt-Tax (EET). It is proposed to increase the exemption from the prevailing Rs 1 lakh to Rs 3 lakh in prespecified instruments. However, in the new regime, the list of eligible instruments will be pruned and while the savings as well as the returns on such savings will not be taxed, the tax will be levied when they are withdrawn for purposes of consumption. This treatment applies to current savings as well as to any superannuation and savings in pension funds. This brings the taxation system closer to one based on taxation of consumption rather than taxation of incomes per se. While theoretically there is much to commend this treatment of taxing savings, its political acceptability remains to be seen for, levying taxes on superannuation benefits and pension funds may be unpopular as it is perceived, inappropriately so, to place hardship on senior citizens who may not have any other regular source of income. gains and this applies to both individuals and companies. According to the new code, capital gains from all â€Å"investment assets† of an enterprise as well as all capital assets of an individual would be subject to tax upon realisation. The distinction between long-term and short-term capital gains is removed. For all assets, capital gains are to be measured as the value realised, net of inflation adjusted costs. While all capital gains will be subject to tax as a part of the income, the securities transactions tax will be abolished. Both taxing capital gains regardless of the length of holding the assets and abolition of securities transaction tax are in the right direction. There is no reason for not considering capital gains as legitimate income and subjecting them to tax. Further, any tax on transactions including the securities transaction tax adds to transaction costs and therefore is undesirable. It is also important to note that rollover provisions for capital gains are limited to only a few transactions – sale of agricultural land to buy agricultural land, sale of investment assets to finance the purchase of the first house by an individual, and sale of investment asset if the proceeds from the same are invested into a capital gains savings scheme. There are evidently some other transactions where rollover is considered integral to business practices – fund management in a mutual fund for instance. If tax becomes due for each realignment of the portfolio based on current market assessment, there would be considerable outflow from the fund even if the final investor is not liquidating the investment. In other words, there is a lock-in into early investments resulting from the tax structure proposed. It is important to ask whether this is the intent of the Vacancies at SOPPECOM, Pune rovisions or whether such transactions should be permitted a rollover. It may be pointed out that in the absence of a rollover, it could alter the structure of financial markets. For instance, there could be more transactions in derivatives of the primary assets held without actual sales in the same. It is important to provide some clarity on this issue. Rates and slabs The most important change proposed in the code is in regard to the structu re of individual income taxation. The code has proposed substantial changes in the various brackets. While the exemption limit has been kept unchanged, it is proposed to levy the tax at 10% up to Rs 10 lakh, 20% between Rs 10 lakh to Rs 25 lakh and above that at 30% as against the prevailing brackets of up to Rs 3 lakh, Rs 5 lakh and Rs 10 lakh. Thus, virtually every taxpayer excluding those up to Rs 3 lakh income will be paying less by a third or more of the present tax liability and over 97% of the present taxpayers will be paying the tax at just 10%. By any reckoning this is a massive reduction in the tax rates involving substantial loss of revenue. Surely, high income earners would welcome this change as they will have to pay less of the tax by a third or more. In fact, all the expansion in the base proposed in the code is not likely to offset the revenue loss. In 2009-10, the revenue from personal income tax is estimated at 2. 2% of GDP and the reduction in the tax rates is likely to reduce the revenue by at least half a per cent of GDP at the present level and distribution of incomes. At a time when it is necessary to garner higher revenues to return to the path of fiscal consolidation, Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management (SOPPECOM) invites applications for Research Associates to fill the positions in Hydrology, Publications Outreach, and Biodiversity. The candidates should have at least a postgraduate degree in the relevant discipline, couple of years of work/research experience, proficiency in English, Hindi and/or Marathi and also capable of independent writing in English. Deadline to receive applications is 30 September 2009 For details visit www. soppecom. org or write to: K. J. Joy, SOPPECOM, 16, Kale Park, Someshwarwadi Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008 Tel: 020-25880786/6542. Email: [emailprotected] com september 12, 2009 vol xliv no 37 EPW Economic Political Weekly treatment of Capital gains A major rationalisation proposed in the new code is in the treatment of capital 36 InsIght such a massive giveaway may only make fiscal adjustment process that much more difficult. Such a liberal giveaway does not serve the cause of vertical equity either. For a country with per capita income of Rs 25,500, levying the 10% tax up to Rs 10 lakh income is tantamount to throwing the baby out with the bath water. The proposal to bring back the wealth tax into the tax system in the code is welcome from the viewpoint of equity as well as revenue. However, levying the tax at 0. 25% of the value of wealth when it exceeds Rs 50 crore makes a mockery. Such tokenism is unlikely to either garner revenue nor will it improve equity and it will not be surprising if the tax is given a sound burial after trying it for a few years It is not clear what is intended to be achieved with such a tax. 2 Corporation income tax The code proposes to make some significant changes in the treatment of corporate sector which are summarised in the following: (i) A reduction in the corporate tax rate from 30% to 25%. Usually, the corporation income tax rate is aligned to the highest marginal rate of individual income tax. This is because individual income tax applies to individuals, Hindu Undivided Families, association of persons including small businesses and partnership firms. Keeping the corporation tax rate lower than the highest marginal rate of individual income tax can be desirable if that provides incentives to hese smaller proprietary and partnership firms to graduate into becoming corporations. Any tax that helps to formalise the non-formal sector is desirable. However, whether this will happen is doubtful. There are various other taxes and regulations that actually provide incentives to the small firms to remain so. (ii) In computing taxable profits of an enterprise, assets of the enterprise are segreg ated into business and investment assets. Value realised from the sale of the former would be included in the computation of profits of the enterprise. However, in the case of the latter, there is a separate regime for treatment of capital gains (discussed above). This segregation and differential treatment has certain implications for enterprises – the investment Economic Political Weekly EPW assets would not constitute an integral part of the business planning of a firm. Losses in the business activity of a firm cannot be offset by sale of â€Å"investment assets†. It is possible to view this as a mechanism to ensure that â€Å"business activity† of a firm is not diluted. Further, there is a notional segregation of the assets of the firm connected to the â€Å"business activity† and the rest. Surely, this is a potential area for litigation. (iii) The above reduction in the tax rate is combined with a reduction in the number of exemptions available within the statutes. While exemptions relating to the development of infrastructure units remain, most of the other exemptions of the existing tax regime do not find place in the new code. Specifically, exemptions for investment in specified geographical areas, those related to the information technology and business process outsourcing sector, as well as those relating to exports from the special export zones (SEZs) are excluded from the code. The code provides for grandfathering in these provisions, meaning thereby that while units currently availing incentives would continue to do so, no new units established after the enactment of this code will be eligible for these concessions. Hopefully, the sunset provisions in regard to some of these incentives will not be renewed. The rationalisation of the exemptions regime would increase the liability of the corporate entities, to the extent some benefits accrued in the present regime. In determining the dimensions of the tax incentives in sectors or activities where the incentives remain, the code limits the extent of incentive that the unit can avail to the amount of capital investment. In other words, the incentive regime is designed to help the units to recover their capital costs. Given the considerable apprehensions regarding extensive tax planning in response to the tax preferences resulting in evasion and avoidance, it is useful to limit the benefits proposed in the act. Since a bulk of the incentives now available extend to infrastructure sectors, this seems reasonable an interesting mechanism to quantify the benefits that the units can derive from the schemes. iv) Another major change is in the form of the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) vol xliv no 37 – in the present regime, the tax is on book profits. Further, it was formulated in the nature of an advance tax from the potential taxes payable on corporate income – hence MAT paid was creditable against the taxes payable in subsequent years. The new code proposes to change the regime to a tax based on the value of assets and, further, it is proposed as a sunk cost rather than as an advance tax. This change is likely to have a profound impact on the tax liabilities of corporate firms in India. The proposed tax is at the rate of 2%1 of the value of assets, where the value of assets includes all existing operational assets as well as assets under construction. The rationale provided for this change is that a tax on assets allows for better and more efficient utilisation of the capital invested, since there are gains from the improved efficiency at least until such time as the companies are paying MAT in the place of a regular income tax. For a 2% tax on value of assets to be at least equivalent to a 25% tax on profits, there is an underlying assumption that the profits in the enterprise are at least 8% of the value of assets. While for most functional companies this may not be an unfair assumption, for start-ups and companies that are yet to establish a business presence, it could be an additional cost to surmount. Further, the cost of a business is altered by introducing this additional levy into the picture – the overall tax liability for any firm increases, implying thereby that the post-tax profits would be adversely affected, even if we assume that the pretax profits remain unaltered. It should be mentioned here that the reasons for introducing a MAT in the first place was to reduce the scope for companies to undertake tax planning and become no or low profit companies with very little liability for corporate tax, while, at the same time, declaring reasonable book profits. The difference between the profits for income tax purposes and book profits arises on account of two major reasons – owing to accelerated depreciation provisions within the income tax act and as a result of tax incentives that might be available in law. It is not clear why these differences should be retained and at the same time an attempt to correct for the imbedded impact is attempted through an september 12, 2009 37 InsIght additional levy such as the MAT. It should be kept in mind that the impact of these provisions is different across companies. Companies which derive benefits from accelerated depreciation and exemptions can broadly be classified into two categories – those that are expanding their businesses and those that are in the nature of start-up firms working with the first or first few units. Since the former would have some reasonable tax liability from the older units, they can use this to offset the gains from the concessions available from the new units. In the case of the latter, however, such possibilities do not exist and hence the tax imposes additional costs on these units. In other words, these provisions seem to be driving a wedge between the already existing prosperous firms and the new entrants. With a binding cost, this wedge would be driven in deeper than before. 3 treatment of non-Profit Organisations The most contentious issue is the proposal to withdraw exemptions to charitable institutions. Presently, not for profit organisations (NPO) enjoy exemption on their donations as well as any surplus they create under Sections 80-G or 35(1)(3) of the Income Tax Act. Many recent committees on tax reform have suggested changes in the treatment of NPOs to avoid the misuse of the exemptions by them. Indeed these institutions provide various public services and serve a variety of public purposes which the government is unable to. Although the intent is to prevent the misuse of the exemptions, the proposal extends the scope of the tax even to genuine institutions involved in anti-poverty interventions, social organisations, education and healthcare activities and those engaged in serious academic and policy research. The code dispenses away with the term â€Å"Charitable Purpose† and replaces it with â€Å"permitted welfare activities† which include relief of the poor, advancement of education, provision of medical relief, preservation of environment, preservation of monuments or places and objects of artistic or historic value and any other object of general public utility. It is proposed that the surplus earned by these organisations be taxed at the rate of 15%. The surplus would be computed to include surplus from the welfare activity and the capital gains from transfer of any financial investment asset. Here, any donations to the corpus of the institution are not to be included in the computation of surplus. All expenditure, current and capital incurred in order to provide the welfare activity can be deducted from the gross receipts from the activity. It may be mentioned that the gross receipts would include all receipts from the transfer of any business asset of any investment asset of a non-financial nature. In order to ensure that tax planning does not drive the establishment of a non-profit organisation (which can then transform into a body corporate, for instance) it is proposed that whenever a non-profit organisation changes form such that it no longer remains non-profit, tax at the rate of 30% would be payable on its net worth. Working under the assumption that the rationale for providing tax preferences to the non-profit sector remains unchanged, and given the fact that the surplus in any NPO does not accrue to any individual, there is a continuing need to support such institutions. Closer and more effective regulation and a more precise definition of what constitutes welfare activities might help to minimise the perceived misuse. The former is critical since, part of the rationale for introducing a tax on these institutions is to provide a regulatory and monitoring mechanism within the income tax system, in the absence of such a mechanism outside the tax network. It should, however, be recognised that with the introduction of the tax, even if the rate is a lower 15%, limits the scope for these activities. It is, therefore, important to explore the alternative mechanisms to limit misuse rather than the proposed taxing their surpluses even if it is at a lower rate. Clearly, the code seems to have underestimated the good work done by many NPOs. While it is possible that provision for exemption has been misused, it would be improper to deny the benefit to genuine charitable institutions, research organisations and other NPOs which do considerable philanthropic work, further the cause of education, health and research. In fact, providing incentive to them to generate surpluses will enable september 12, 2009 them to build corpuses which in the longer run will reduce their dependence on the government. Concluding Remarks The proposal to expand the tax base by doing away with various exemptions and preferences in the new code is welcome. However, its actual implementation will require the finance minister to resist the pressure from special interest groups who, while welcoming the reduction in rates, would like the exemptions to continue. In particular, the proposal to expand the tax base by rationalising savings incentives, deductions for housing and partial allowance for education and medical expenses should help to expand the tax base and simplify the tax system. The distinction between short-term and long-term capital gains, abolition of securities transaction tax and tax on the income from gains after indexation at regular rates too is welcome. However, the proposed changes in the tax brackets will rob the exchequer of the benefits of a larger tax base and is likely to result in significant revenue loss to the exchequer. If, indeed, the special interest groups prevail in keeping the exemptions and preferences unchanged while the tax rate is reduced, there will be a huge loss of revenue. The important question is whether the country can afford this at the time when the need of the hour is to return to the path of fiscal consolidation. The proposed wealth tax is likely to be a mere token and it is not likely either to generate any significant revenue or improve equity in the tax system. It makes no sense to have an exemption limit as high as Rs 50 crore and levy the tax at 0. 25% on the wealth above that. The code does not recognise the good work many of the NPOs have done over the years in providing various services which the government cannot and in its attempt to prevent misuse ends up reducing a conceptual argument for not taxing these organisations into a tax preference. Note 1 The rate for firms in the banking sector is dif ferent at 0. 25% of the value of assets. Since the usual relationship between the assets of a bank and the returns from the same are significantly different from the returns on assets in the rest of the economy, this seems like a fair differentiation. vol xliv no 37 EPW Economic Political Weekly 38

What Is John Steinbeck’S Purpose In Writing The Essay Symptoms Example For Students

What Is John Steinbeck’S Purpose In Writing The Essay Symptoms? Well in this short report on John Steinbeck I am about to include all of the work that I have done in this class Including my full report on one of his books, a little background on Mr. Steinbeck and many other things, All out of the mind and the computer of Jeremy Slaven. An American author and winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr., b. Salinas, Calif., Feb. 27, 1902, d. Dec. 20, 1968, based most of his novels on the American experience, often with sympathetic focus on the poor, the eccentric, or the dispossessed. Steinbeck grew up in Salinas Valley, a rich agricultural area of Monterey County and the setting of many of his works, where he learned firsthand of the difficulties of farm laborers. From 1919 to 1925 he studied intermittently at Stanford University but did not receive a degree. His early novels (Cup of Gold, 1929; The Pastures of Heaven, 1932; and To a God Unknown, 1933) aroused little public interest. The latter novel, however, a mystical story of self-sacrifice, is one of Steinbecks strongest statements about the relationship between people and the land. We will write a custom essay on What Is John Steinbeck’S Purpose In Writing The Symptoms? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Steinbeck turned to filmmaking after the film success of The Grapes of Wrath. He wrote impressive screenplays for the Mexican-based The Forgotten Village (1941) and Viva Zapata! (1952), as well as film scripts for his stories The Red Pony (1938) and The Pearl (1947). Another novel and play, The Moon Is Down (1942), about the German invasion of Norway, won critical praise. After World War II, in which he served as a war correspondent, Steinbeck wrote increasingly about social outcasts. Cannery Row (1945) relates the story of a group of vagabonds on the Monterey coast. The Wayward Bus (1947) presents a morality tale about characters who supposedly represent middle-class society. Burning Bright (1950) preached universal brotherhood but was largely unsuccessful. Steinbeck devoted several years to his most ambitious project, East of Eden (1952; film, 1955), which paralleled the history of his mothers family and was an allegorical modernization of the biblical story of Adam. Subsequent novels proved anticlimacticSweet Thursday (1954), a sentimental sequel to Cannery Row; The Short Reign of Pippin IV (1957), a burlesque; and The Winter of Our Discontent (1961), a moralistic tale about a decaying Long Island seaport. Steinbeck wrote popular sketches of his travels in Once There Was a War (1958), Travels with Charley (1962), and America and Americans (1966). He spent many of his later years writing a modern version of Thomas Malorys Morte Darthur, which was published, incomplete and posthumously, as The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights (1976). He has remained popular principally, however, for his compassionate portrayal of Americas forgotten poor.(griolers)The works of SteinbeckThe Grapes of Wrath (1939) by U.S. novelist John Steinbeck is one of the most powerful chronicles in American literature of the Depression of the 1930s. It deals with the Joads, a family that loses its farm through foreclosure and leaves the Oklahoma Dust Bowl for California in the hope of finding work. The eldest generation has the comfort of religion, the next one has a dogged perseverance, but the youngest has little to believe in. Embittered by the brutal exploitation of migrant workers, Tom, who had been jaile d for murder and who later kills again, becomes a labor organizer. In this Pulitzer Prize-winning (1940) novel, Steinbeck alternates his narrative with serious discussion of the problems of migrant laborers.(Groliers)Of Mice and Men (1937; film, 1939), a short novel by John Steinbeck set in Salinas, Calif., has been called Steinbecks most successful work. The novel deals with two migrant workers: Lennie, a physically powerful but mentally retarded giant, and George, his friend and protector. They share the dream of someday buying a farm together. The dream is shattered when Lennie accidentally kills the wife of a rich farmer and is then sought by a lynch mob. He and George tenderly recall their dream just before George shoots Lennie to save him from the crueler death he will inevitably face at the hands of the mob. The book established Steinbeck as a writer of distinction. It was made into a play shortly after publication. These are just a few of his most well recognized works. (Gro liers)My report on of mice and menThe book that I have read that has really stayed with me is Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I really enjoyed reading it, which is unusual, because I usually dont enjoy reading too much. There was something about George and Lenins friendship that really made me think. Seeing how they were and how they shared life was really interesting. George didnt have to bother with Lenin, he could haveAbandoned him and gone on his own way. But he did not Do that, he stayed with Lennie watching over him almost Like a parent to a child. Even though Lennie always got George in trouble, George never stooped loving him and Always stood by him. The friendship they shared went Beyond what was transparent they each shared a dream and both knew they meant the world to each other. I felt that if these totally different people could get along and Look out for each other, why cant we get along with People who are different than us. They made me realize that I could learn something from how to treat people who are different than me? What I also liked about it was the Way they never stopped trying to reach their dream. This Made me think that if they could work hard for there Dream why cant I. It showed me that it does not matter Were you come from or what you do, it is okay to dream And work as hard as you can to reach it. For all it shows friendship and loyalty it also shows how sometimes you have to do things you never thought you would do? For example in the end when George is forced to shoot Lenin In the head you would never have thought he would do that, but you can see that under the circumstances he had no other choice. He only had two choices let the other people get to him first and watch them torture Lennie while he died a long horrible death or do it himself and get It over quick was Lennie did not know what hit him. This Is also true in life, many times we are faced with tuff Choices and even though they may be the hardest you will Have t o go through, you know that that is the only way. You come to the realization that everything you thought You was about, can all change with a blink of the eye. .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 , .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .postImageUrl , .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 , .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148:hover , .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148:visited , .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148:active { border:0!important; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148:active , .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148 .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uedd096b9dead114bb842621ae03ee148:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ecomomy In 2000 EssayMy quotation from the book The Pearl All things are in gods handsIn my understanding all things good or bad , Happen to a variaty of people for all kinds of reasons. When the peral was found everything went south.the death of his son theand the guy that smacked down Keno. Groliers new encylopideaBenson, Jackson T., The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer: A Biography (1990); DeMott, R., ed., Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath (1989); Fensch, Thomas, ed., Conversations with John Steinbeck (1988); Lisca, Peter, The Wide World of John Steinbeck (1981); Noble, Donald R., ed., The Steinbeck Question: New Essays in Criticism (1992); Owens, Louis, John Steinbecks Re-Vision of America (1985); Parini, Jay, John Steinbeck (1995); Steinbeck, Elaine, and Wallsten, Robert, eds., Steinbeck: A Life in Letters (1975). Ditsky, J., Critical Essays on John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath (1989); Steinbeck, John, Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath, ed. by R. DeMott (1989; repr. 1990). Steinbeck, John. The pearl. New York Penguin Book Co, 1993Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men New York Penguin Book Co, 1993Table of ContentsChapter pageI. Intro 1II. His background 1III. His work 1IV. My Report 2V. My quotation 2VI. Bibliography3John Steinbeck(his Days)Jeremy SlavenENG.10March 19, 1999

web advertising essays

web advertising essays Web Advertising Web advertising, not to mention the Internet itself, finds itself in a stage of relative infancy and therefore provides marketers with novel challenges and situations which need to be dealt with caution . The realm of Web advertising is unchartered terri tory! In terms of South Africa, the country finds itsef somewhat behind technologically. However, this may not prove to be a disadvantage as the uncertain nature of Web advertising may make a policy of 'watching and learning' most viable. What implications will this new technology have for marketing? What is the nature of Web advertising? How can a business use the medium effectively Where is all this going These questions appear to be most pertinent in the process of understanding interact ive marketing on the Internet. The qualified opinion of John Matthee, a Web site designer employed by Adept Internet (an Internet service provider), was sought in accumulation of a large sum of the following data. This seems approp riate as the novelty of Web advertising at this stage h as led to generral lack of academic data in the practicalities of advertising via this medium. 2) THE INTERNET: AN INTRODUCTION 2.1) Original development of the Internet What was originally created by the US military to provide a secure means of communication in case of nuclear war, which has now become known as the Internet, has metamorphosed into the strategic global communications tool of our era. The end of the cold w ar left this massive installed structure - initially dubbed ARPANET- without much of a purpose. Soon universities, major corporations and governments began to piggyback on to the global framework, extending its reach and commercialising it. Known as the N et to aficionados, the Availability of cheap, accessible and easy-to-use Net access points throughout the world has seen the number of global Internet users increase dramatically each month. While the convenience of electronic mail w...

Top Tools To Get Started In Freelance Writing

Top Tools To Get Started In Freelance Writing Top Tools To Get Started In Freelance Writing Top Tools To Get Started In Freelance Writing By Colin Any freelance writer starting out these days could be forgiven for thinking all that’s required is a laptop with Internet access, and a telephone. But there’s more to think of; hidden extras which will be needed somewhere along the line if a serious attempt is to be made. Here’s a list of the most important things every freelance writer should consider when first starting out. Word Processor This is perhaps so obvious, that some might say it ranks as extreme stupidity to even mention it. However, you will definitely, without question, need a word processor of some description. Fiction writers can get away with a dedicated word processor to work on, but if you are serious about making your way in the freelance writing business, you really need a PC or laptop that can connect to the Internet. So much business is done over the Internet these days, that not only is it the future, the future’s been here for a while. Internet Access You’ll need Internet access for several reasons: Research: the first port of call for many freelancers when undertaking research is the Internet but it shouldn’t be the only one. A good freelancer will use the Internet as a foundation to build on, before talking to people, visiting libraries, and cross-checking with sources. Email: call it a curse, call it the greatest innovation in communication since two cups and a piece of string, email is here to stay. You’ll need it for applying for jobs, sending queries, receiving queries, sending in submissions in fact, just about everything. Staying current: being able to read newspapers, magazines, journals, industry reports, articles, forums, or just to see what your peers are doing, can all be done over the Internet. Advertise: whether through blogs, websites, or portals, your services can be advertised effectively over the Internet, but only if you can access it and respond quickly. Restock: being able to order supplies for your home business over the Internet can save you time, money, and a lot of hassle. Website Should you have one? Why do you need one? Will it do any good? To answer all of these questions think about it this way: if you don’t have one, will you be able to compete successfully with everyone else who does? A website is relatively inexpensive to set up and maintain, and although they may seem a distraction when first setting out, having a website speaks volumes for the level of seriousness a writer has of himself. It is also a great tool for supporting your pitches, and allowing your clients, potential or otherwise, to get to know you. Printer Despite what I said earlier concerning email and the future of electronic communication, there will always be a place in the world for paper. Some writers use their printer for printing work to proofread, but the main use as a freelance writer is for business correspondence, and invoices. If you have a modern PC or laptop, but have a small working environment, it might be a good investment to go for a wireless printer so you can hide it away, and then access it only when you need to. Dedicated Area Having a regular place to work has been known to increase productivity and allow for better creativity. It needn’t be a dedicated office with desk and chair, or kitted out with all the latest mod-cons, it could be the corner of a living room, at the end of the bed, or on the kitchen table. Wherever you choose, it should be comfortable and conducive to producing quality work. As you move forward with your career, you will likely find that an office becomes more desirable. Finding a suitable area with more professional amenities will become more important as you grow. Telephone and Fax Most freelance writers have a telephone. It’s kind of assumed. Some use their home phone, some have a dedicated line installed into a home office, others use their mobile, and a few have branched out with Internet technology such as Skype. Fax, however, is often neglected as being old fashioned and therefore not required. Not so. It’s a good idea to have a fax connection because many businesses still rely heavily on it to do business. The beauty is that you don’t need a bulky machine sitting near you to receive faxes any longer, as a simple piece of software and an Internet connection is all you need. CD/DVD Writer Invaluable for backing up everything concerned with the running of your home-based freelance writing business. This can include everything from PC data and applications, to article ideas and company accounts. You might even use it for listening to a CD when you need to relax. PC Maintenance Software Keeping your PC hardware, software, and peripherals in fighting shape is vital to prevent your PC falling foul to outside interference, and to make sure it is working as quickly and reliably as it possibly can. By using anti-virus tools, malware and adware removal products, disk cleaners and defragmenters, and a good firewall product, you can keep your PC running smoothly and safely so you can worry less about it, and more about your next deadline. Accounts Software At some point along the line you’re going to need a method of tracking your expenses, income, and dreaded tax return. In the beginning, a spreadsheet might suffice, but eventually you’re going to have to think bigger and get yourself a dedicated accounts package. It doesn’t have to be anything fancy or complicated, just enough to be able to record what’s going in, out, and when. Business Material Finally, to be taken seriously, and to help you start â€Å"thinking† like a writer, some of the following might also be useful: Letterhead Invoice template Business card Rate card Contract Clippings Notice: Due to popular request we have finally released our Freelance Writing Course. Come check it out if you want to get started freelance writing online. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsTypes of Ignorance

Lewis and Clark expediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lewis and Clark expediation - Essay Example e expedition, Native Americans’ land was viewed as a mere continuation of American territory, with the Americans seeking to enlarge their territory by acquiring the Native Americans’ land. However, the Native Americans were primarily not objective towards the expedition seeing it as a way of enhancing trade relations with America, thereby increasing their access to commodities. Most Native groups cooperated with the discovery team by serving as the latter’s interpreters and guides, for instance, the Lewis and Clark led expedition include the Mandans, who grew corn on their land and resided in earth lodges. This group of natives agreed to trade with America and assisted the discovery team in finding food, accommodation and provided protection to the team. In addition, other groups of cooperative natives were the Sioux, the Hidatsa, the Chinook, Shoshone and the Arikara. All these groups had a positive impact on the success of the expedition and assisted the discov ery team in creating rapport with other groups (DeVoto, 1953, 29). One of the most notable Native American who assisted the expedition team was Sacajawea, wife to one of the hired Natives. Sacajawea played a key role in maintaining amiable relations between the team and other Native groups. However, there were some Native American groups that were not quite cooperative and who sought to have the discovery team expelled from their land through all necessary means, including warfare (Neuberger, 1962, 15). For instance, the Piegan  Blackfoot  warriors, whom the expedition team encountered at the Marias River. The expedition team was forced to retreat from the Piegan’s land for fear of attack when the Native group attempted to forcefully acquire the team’s weapons. The Lewis and Clark expedition had a major effect on the U.S policy towards Native Americans. U.S considered Native Americans in two conflicting ways that are Native Americans were either United States’ enemies during war, or they were

Internet is good for study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet is good for study - Essay Example It has always been acknowledged that members of the current generation, especially adolescents and young adults use the Internet for diverse purposes other than fact finding or information gathering. The popularity of social networking sites have significantly increased Internet usage through sharing of experiences, photos, events, and recent updates on the lives of friends, relatives, and acquaintances. From the study conducted by the Lebo, the Internet was found to be used for the following general purposes: fact finding activities, visiting social networking sites, playing games, watching videos, paying bills, and even purchasing products online (Lebo). Fact finding activities could already be classified as a general category for studying. In this regard, the current discourse contends that the Internet is actually a good medium for enhancing academic performance or in studying for the reasons that information are easily accessible; more people from all walks of life have immediat e access to this technological medium; and studying through the Internet could be undertaken across time and geographic locations. The Internet has been found to be used as a source of information (Lebo). As emphasized, â€Å"they can bring a whole world of information to the students† (Hughes and Fan 1). Across different academic levels, the Internet provides access to varied information which could even been translated in diverse languages, depending on the nationalities of the users. From the comprehensive study that disclosed activities in the Internet, it was revealed that â€Å"large percentages of Internet users go online at least weekly for basic information: 61 percent go online for fact-finding, and 43 percent for looking up the definition of a word† (Lebo 27). Rather than relying on the traditional dictionaries to looks into the meaning of words; or books to search on different topics as subject of the users’ research, the

Possible Implications Essay Example for Free

Possible Implications Essay Throughout the world, it is quite understandable that there are countries that place policies in order to restrict the flow of foreign programs, movies, and magazines into their territory. For example, in Canada and France, such forms of entertainment that were produced in the United States are given restrictions in terms of number; hence in a way, placing a limit upon the influences of such forms of entertainment to the local community. Understandably, the reason for such policies is so that Canadian and French culture will be maintained and locally made forms of entertainment will not be faced with additional competition. However, such policies and restrictions were apparently made for conventional forms of distributing programs, movies, and magazines. In this sense, given that distribution may now be accomplished through the web, then there is a possibility that such policies will no longer be effective. Therefore, it is important to reflect upon the possible implications of the web on such policies. First of all, the most apparent feature of the web is how freely one may be able to share and distribute multimedia content to a virtually infinite amount of individuals (Baase, 2008). In this sense, popular movies and programs may now be easily acquired or downloaded from different areas of the web. In addition, even magazines may now be distributed through cyberspace because the means to electronically reproduce written documents through scanning and file conversion are widely available. Considering that the movies, programs, and magazines transferred throughout the web are distributed as data and not actual physical objects, it is quite expected that the conventional ways in which the government may keep watch of the number of such forms of entertainment are no longer effective. To expound, while it is possible to monitor the activities of individuals through the internet, many believe that such a pursuit is quite complex and cumbersome due to complications in methods of tracking (Baase, 2008). Aside from difficulties in terms of which methods may be used to track the transfer of programs, movies, and magazines through the web, the issue of privacy adds further problems for those with interest of limiting the flow of such items into their countries. For one, aside from the innate sense of anonymity that the web provides to its users, web privacy either in law or in the form of augmentative software has already been considered by many users of the web (Baase, 2008). In this sense, effectively tracking the users of how files are being distributed has become an even more difficult task. Given that each user is entitled to a certain level of freedom in his or her activities on the web, then technically an individual may be involved in either legal or illegal acts. Having illegal means of file distribution furthers the possibility of increasing the presence of foreign programs, movies, and magazines, due to the fact that people would not need to pay for such items in order to be acquired or accessed. Hence, locally made programs, movies, and magazines which are most likely to be sold throughout different outlets are given intense competition. It is perceivable that the web is very much unlike the previous means of distributing programs, movies, and magazines. Aside from providing a sense of freedom, anonymity is also maintained at different degrees depending on the knowledge of the user of how the web functions. In addition, previous means of distributing programs, movies, and magazines, are limited in terms of the number of actual physical objects while distributing such items throughout the web allows for a massive amount of audience as well as the potential to make it endlessly reproducible (Baase, 2008). It is quite certain that the web will affect the policies regarding limitations on the number of programs, movies, and magazines being allowed into the country. Therefore, if restrictions are to be maintained, it is necessary that new and more applicable policies are formed since it is apparent that previous policies are already obsolete. Reference Baase, S. (2008). A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing and the Internet. 3rd Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Plethora of Fools in Twelfth Night Essay -- Twelfth Night essays

Plethora of Fools in Twelfth Night Folly is one of the main weaknesses in Twelfth Night with a number of characters portraying their own strange foolish ways. Feste is the professional fool; he is the most noticeable fool and is very quickly recognised by the audience as an intelligent man. Orsino and Olivia are really foolish because of the decisions they make but they are regarded as intelligent. The biggest fool of all is Olivia's steward, Malvolio. Â   Feste was obviously the most noticeable fool. He entertains Orsino and Olivia. He is not a fool by nature; he is a fool by profession. When he entertains Olivia he says the truth about her but she doesn't realise that he is talking about her. Â   FESTE Better a witty fool than a foolish wit' - God bless thee, lady. OLIVIA Take the fool away. FESTE Do you not hear, fellows? Take away the lady. OLIVIA Go to, y'are a dry fool: I'll no more of you; besides, you grow dishonest. Â   FESTE Two faults, Madonna, that a drink and good counsel will amend: for give the dry fool drink, then i...

Rhetorical Analysis Essay

â€Å"The Collapse of Big Media: The Young and the Restless† was written by David T. Z. Mindich was former assignment editor at CNN, has placed his roots back into the show era, and published in Spring of 2005 as an article in a magazine, Wilson Quarterly. Mindich’s article spoke about the decline of reading newspapers and watching the news and his reasons behind this conclusion. He used his article to inform and educated his audience. He claimed that if people become more informed about the world around them that they will be able to make better choices about who and what they vote for and therefore the people will have more control. Mindich shows that ethos, pathos; through his audience about the collapse of the newspaper and generation is losing interest in the news. David T. Z. Mindich is currently a professor of journalism and mass communication at St. Michael‟s College in Colchester, Vermont. Due to his past experience with CNN he has a lot of experience with what goes on in the news world and this qualifies him to write about this topic, the decline or collapse of the media. â€Å"The Young and the Restless† draws the attention of a specific audience. They are those who viewed the popular soap opera called, â€Å"The Young and the Restless† in the 1970s and 1980s, or those who are in their 50s and 60s age range today. He also refers to time specific events that generation would be familiar with such as the Cold War and newscasters that they would know, like Walter Cronkite and Peter Jennings. He mentions this age group as the â€Å"median age of network television news viewers† (Mindich 174). He is speaking to those people. The author is appealing to the readers mainly through their logic and emotion. Though, he does appeal to them through ethics as well. To appeal to the logos part of the readers he uses many statistics to help them see how big the collapse in media or news viewing really was. Almost three-quarters of the age of 34-37 year olds read the newspaper in 1972.Today only a third of people that age read the newspaper daily. The capability of parents to monitoring what their children are watching has decreased. Mindich has states that, â€Å"in 1970, six percent of all sixth graders had TVs in their bedrooms; today that number is an astonishing 77 percent. If you are in sixth grade and sitting alone in your bedroom, you’re probably not watching Peter Jennings†. Between 1944 and 2001, news and politics that interest young people had changed greatly, and when major events occurred, such as the Vietnam War and the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, draws interests from young people. Mindich shows how extensive this lack and declined in civic involvement through the news is when he discusses a survey conducted in 2004 during the presidential elections in which people were asked the question, â€Å"Do you happen to know which of the presidential candidates served as an army general?† â€Å"42 percent of the over-50 crowd could name Wesley Clark. Only 13 percent of those under 30 could.† (Mindich 127).† The author makes his readers or audiences feel (pathos) bad for the editors and publishers in the media because of the declining trends: â€Å"When they aren’t reassuring themselves, editors and publishers are lying awake at night thinking about the dismaying trends of recent decades† (Mindich 174). By this he brings them back to their past experiences and emotions by remembering events from their pasts such as Walter Cronkite’s news report on the Vietnam War in February 1968 that â€Å"shook the nation† (Mindich 175) and captivated his audience. Those who heard that news report would remember exactly how that particular report influenced their lives and realize that not watching the news does leave one in the dark. He really draws them in through emotions by explaining that if we no longer need mainstream news media then we are losing what they have to offer. Through the media we get to see various points of view on world issues. We get to weigh the options presented and make educated decisions based on what we have learned. Mindich has similar concerns regarding the television news viewer ship. In the past, the news was of the most interest among the people who had TV’s in their household. That’s not the same trend anymore. It is then assumable that many of the modern era people might be getting the news from the internet. However, in a survey, only about 18 percent of Americans post their primary news source as online according to the Pew Internet and American Life Project and Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. And it is suggested that if someone is not in agreement with the above research, they only need to wander into a computer lab at the local college, high school, or libraries to see what the students have on their screen. The author is convincing the audience his creditability source that is worth listening (ethos). Mindich used a lot of research and statistics to get his point across to his audience. He used startling facts that compare the public interest of the 1970’s right after Vietnam, and to public interests of now. With the statistics that are provided, it helped play a powerful portion of the article achieve its point. One such statistic is that, â€Å"in 1972, nearly half of 18-22 year old read a newspaper every day. According to research conducted by Wollfram Peiser, a scholar who studies newspaper readership. Today, less than a quarter doâ€Å"(Mindich 174). The author wants the audience to become more informed in political news, and gives some ideas as to how it can incorporate that in with our family life. With the decline in the news audience it is a cultural crisis. The state of news is how we obtain an interesting place. Many news executives see the change in the number of people who watch, and read the news, and are scared. The author also says that the news industry is relying on the home, that one day the kids will hopefully comeback around. If the cut in the news audience continues, who will knows where we can get our information from. If we make change something slightly, and try not to become so worried with reality television and other things, than we could still perhaps have a staring place of reliable and informational news later on. The author has both strengths and weaknesses. Mindich makes an excellent point throughout his essay, one with which many people would agree, majority of his argument is well reasoned and well worded. Some of his greatest strengths are the statistics he uses. He presents a picture of the past to help the reader to see how things truly compare to the present. He talks about up events that happened throughout time that has impacted our nation and the world in very huge ways. With this it really helps the readers to bond and picture how the downfall in the media can really affect the world. On the other hand his weakness is his inability to connect with young readers. It is the young adults that are the problem and yet he is writing to the generation that already watches and/or reads the news regularly. This is ineffective since his purpose is to increase awareness of the importance of the news and get people to begin taking interest in the news and media so that they can make more informed choices. The degrading health of news media is a threat to political life itself. In the modern democratic era, majority of Americans, young and old have little interaction with mainstream news media that are building blocks democratic society. Mindich assures that from a collective effort of reporters, editors, producers, and media business executives will change the fate of the American democracy about the value and necessity of vigorous news media. Works Cited Mindich, David T. Z. â€Å"The Collapse of Big Media: The Young and the Restless.† Comp. Lester Faigley. Backpack Writing. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2008. 174-78. Print.

Different Aspects of Pain Essay

Pain is a subject to which all people can relate. There are many different types of pain, and people react to these pains in various ways. Pain is also caused from many different sources. It could be from grief, stress, or a significant event that occurs in one’s life. Pain is defined in the Dictionary as â€Å"mental or emotional suffering or torment.† The poetry of Robert Frost, James Langston Hughes, and Emily Dickinson all display different aspects of pain. Robert Lee Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California where his father worked as a newspaper editor. This may have been where Robert was first exposed to the aspect of writing. Robert’s first published poem was in a school newspaper at the age of 16 where he wrote a poem on the subject of Cortez in Mexico. Although he attended Dartmouth for seven weeks and spent two years at Harvard, he never finished a college education with a degree. After he had gotten married, he worked as a schoolteacher, and during this period is when he spent time writing the majority of his poetry. After his teaching career, he moved to England to pursue getting his works published since his poetry was not accepted for publishing in America. His first two books of poems, A Boy’s Will and North of Boston, were published in England and then later in America due to the overwhelming popularity of them in England (Greenberg ix-x). Frost’s poem â€Å"Out, Out† tells a story of the tragic death of a boy due to a buzz saw. The title is an allusion to act five William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, where the main character, Macbeth, performs a soliloquy regarding the death of his wife: â€Å"Out, out, brief candle! / Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player / That struts and frets his hour upon the stage / And then is heard no more. It is a tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, / Signifying nothing.† The allusion to Shakespeare in the title is appropriate to the subject matter because the soliloquy of Macbeth states that life is short, and inevitably will end. That is the message that Robert Frost is trying to convey in this poem. There are two different aspects of pain that appear in â€Å"Out, Out.† The first  one is the aspect of physical pain. This occurs when the buzz saw the boy is using, hits the boy’s hand and injures the hand severely. â€Å"As if to prove saws knew what supper meant, / Leaped out at the boy’s hand, / or seemed to leap — (Frost 522)† The boy then begins to feel the pain of what has just happened, the physical pain of his hand being severed by the buzz saw. The next type of pain that can be seen here is the psychological pain, caused by stress. As a result of the boy’s injury, he begins to fall into pieces about the whole matter (clarify this somehow. â€Å"fall into pieces† sounds a little ambiguous as well as clichà ©) . The poem says that the boy â€Å"half in appeal, but as if to keep / the life from spilling. Then the boy saw all — (Frost 522).† These two lines of the poem depict that the boy is old enough to understand what is going on with what is happening. His hand is injured beyond what the doctors can repair, and there is a high possibility of death because of what has just happened. The word ‘Life’ in this poem represents the blood that flowing from his hand. One can also see the apathy displayed by the rest of his family. Even though a member of the family has just died due to a tragic accident â€Å"Little–less–nothing!–and that ended it (Frost 522)† they show no pain of the loss of a family member. It is depicted in the last two lines of the poem, â€Å"No more to build on there. And they, since they / Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs (Frost 522).† This shows that they had no emotion to the event, and went on to what they were doing as if nothing had happened in the first place. The second piece of poetry presented is one by James Langston Hughes. James Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin Missouri. He spent his early life living with his grandmother in Illinois. Hughes began to write poems, and also some short stories, while he was in high school. Hughes mentions that the primary influences to his writing are Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Carl Sandburg, and Walt Whitman. His first book of poetry, entitled The Weary Blues, was published in 1926, while he was in college. Hughes graduated from Lincoln University three years following the publication of his first book of poetry. The year following his college graduated, Hughes  won the Harmon gold medal for literature for the first novel that he wrote, Not Without Laughter. James Langston Hughes poem â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† was the first poem of his that was published. This poem was also set to music later on. It is written from the perspective of a man that ties together African and African-American history. Hughes does this by naming different rivers that are in Africa and also those that are in the United States. This is where the wordplay of Langston Hughes can be seen. The type of pain that is displayed in this poem is not very obvious, but it is more implied than directly stated. Seeing that this poems speaks of African and African-American History, the idea of the oppression that these people groups have gone through is something that can be inferred from what the poem says. Both of these people groups have gone through major oppression because of slavery, inequality, and the like. (while it is not obvious I would recommend trying to find a few lines that can possibly show the pain) The final poem presented here is a poem from Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson was born in the year 1830 in a family that was considered to be very wealthy for that time period. Her father ultimately led the family and was a religious man for the family. He read prayers and passages of scripture to all that lived in the household to maintain this. She attended the seminary for a year, but went home after that year due to a significant amount of unpleasant experiences. After Emily left school, she isolated herself from all activities and responsibilities that were outside of the household, and kept to herself most of the time. She spent a significant amount of time reading books. Because of the morals that her father had, there were not many things for her to choose from, as her father thought that most books that were available at the time might shake up her thinking patterns. She then settled to read the Bible, classical myths, and also the works of William Shakespeare. Because of this, a great amount of the poems that she wrote had allusion to her readings contained in them. Although there is very little that people know of Emily Dickinson’s outside life, but after reading the  poems that she has written, one can gain some access to the inside life in Emily Dickinson (Madden 1287). Emily Dickinson wrote nearly two thousand different poems in her lifetime (Madden 1288). Only but a few of these poems were intentionally published by her. Although Emily made her brother and sister promise to destroy all of her works following her death, her sister, Lavinia, could not gain the strength to destroy her sister Emily’s poetry. Not too far following her death in 1886, nine volumes of her works that were revised in wording, punctuation, structure, and rhyme were published. Unedited versions that were true to the original manuscript of Emily Dickinson where not published until 1955 (Madden 1288). Most of the poems of Emily Dickinson were her own personal laments that she did not intend for the public to ever see. â€Å"After A Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes† is an example of one of these extremely personal poems. During the time that this poem was written, Dickinson had just lost a very close friend. She was also beginning to dismiss the ideas of a career, starting a family, and making contact with anything or anyone that was outside of her own house. This whole poem directly deals with the pain of emotional loss that comes with the passing away of a person that is extremely close. Death was something that Dickinson never adjusted to, and it is displayed in this poem. She depicts how the feeling sits heavily and does not seem to go away very quickly â€Å"The Nerves sit ceremonious, like Tombs–(Dickinson 1291)† (Lundin 95). In the last two lines of the first stanza Dickinson says, â€Å"The stiff Heart questions what it He, that bore, / And Yesterday, or Centuries before? (Dickinson 1291)† Here she is reliving past pains and grief that have occurred in her life before the death of her friend. She also relives past painful moments in her life in the second stanza â€Å"The Feet, mechanical, go round (Dickinson 1291)† (Grabher 217). In the last stanza, Dickinson focuses on the present pain that is in her life. â€Å"This is the Hour of Lead– (Dickinson 1291)† refers to the passing of  Dickinson’s close friend. She then goes over the stages of how she moves on from these painful experiences: â€Å"As Freezing persons, recollect the Snow– / First–Chill–then Stupor–then the letting go– (Dickinson 1291)† The way that she ends this poems makes it appear as though she is trailing off into a land of thought to go dwell on what has just happened, to begin her process of recovery (Lundin 234). As one can see, many different aspects of pain have been discussed. Robert Frost’s â€Å"Out, Out† discussed physical pain due to an injury, and also the pain of stress due to that injury. James Langston Hughes implied the racial oppression of Africans and African-Americans that had gone before him in â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers.† Emily Dickinson goes deep into her personal life and displays emotional pain with â€Å"After A Great Pain, A Formal Feeling Comes† by reminiscing on past grief and dealing with a new grief due to the death of a friend. As one reads through and analyzes these poems, one can see the way that pain is displayed in the midst of them and how each separate type affects people in different ways.

Essay on Solubility and Nr

Essay on Solubility and Nr Essay on Solubility and Nr Malarie Martin CHEM 115 General Chemistry Group 4 Experiment 8: Ionic Reactions Purpose: In this lab we will study the nature of ionic solutions while observing their reactions. We will then write balanced equations to include the net ionic equations for the precipitation reactions observed. Procedure: 1. Place a piece of black and white paper behind each well plate in order to observe the reactions with each combination. Record any reactions observed. 2. In the 96 well plate place 2 drops of cobalt nitrate into 7 of the wells marked A. 3. Place 2 drops of copper nitrate into 7 of the wells in the row marked B. 4. Place 2 drops of iron nitrate into 7 of the wells in the row marked C. 5. Place 2 drops of barium nitrate into 7 of the wells in the row marked D. 6. Place 2 drops of nickel nitrate into 7 of the wells in the row marked E. 7. Then place 2 drops of sodium phosphate into 5 of the vertical wells in the column marked 1. 8. Then place 2 drops of sodium iodide into 5 of the vertical wells in the column marked 2. 9. Then place 2 drops of sodium sulfate into 5 of the vertical wells in the column marked 3. 10. Then place 2 drops of sodium chloride into 5 of the vertical wells in the column marked 4. 11. Then place 2 drops of sodium bicarbonate into 5 of the vertical wells in the column marked 5. 12. Then place 2 drops of sodium carbonate into 5 of the wells in the column marked 6. 13. Then place 2 drops of sodium hydroxide into 5 of the wells in the column marked 7. 14. Record color change, precipitate, and/or bubble that are observed into table format. 15. Do not place the pipet directly into any of the solutions when adding the chemicals to the well plate. 16. Avoid contact with skin and clothes and clean up supplies and area thoroughly. Results: 1 (Sodium Phosphate) 2 (Sodium Iodide) 3 (Sodium Sulfate) 4 (Sodium Chloride) 5 (Sodium Bicarbonate) 6 (Sodium Carbonate) 7( Sodium Hydroxide) A (Cobalt Nitrate) Rxn purple NR NR NR Rxn Darker Rxn Rxn turquoise B (Copper Nitrate) Light blue Rxn Dark Yellow NR NR Rxn Rxn Rxn C (Iron Nitrate) Rxn Cloudy Yellow NR NR Dark Yellow Dark Yellow Light Yellow D (Barium Nitrate) Rxn Cloudy NR White NR Rxn Rxn Dark Yellow E (Nickle Nitrate) Rxn NR NR NR Rxn Rxn Rxn NR: No precipitate forms Rxn: Precipitate is formed Cations used: Ni2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, NO3-, Co2+, Fe3+, Anions used: NO3-, PO43-, I-, SO42-, Cl-, 2CO32-, CO32-, OH- Discussion: A - Compare your results with the

Expert Interview with Colleen Georges on Resumes and Hiring

Expert Interview with Colleen Georges on Resumes and Hiring Dr. Colleen Georges is a professional psychologist who has focused her career on job seeking and writing the perfect resume. She’s a certified counselor, time management consultant, career coach, leadership expert, and if that weren’t enough, she runs Colleen’s Career Creations, a resume writing and job coaching service. Somehow, she found the time to speak with us about how to write the best possible resume. What are some common problems you see on resumes, and why do you think they persist?The two most prevalent issues I encounter with resumes are lack of a clear job target or career focus and documents that read like job task descriptions, rather than career achievement highlights. Fortunately, I see fewer and fewer resumes that begin with objective statements, which are generally unfocused and do little to separate one candidate’s value from another. However, I still see many resumes with summary of qualifications sections that are too vague or broad, or resumes that have no summary at all.What makes a strong resume?A strong resume needs to effectively brand professionals in their field of practice, and immediately showcase their professional title/job target, years of experience, specific expertise/hard skills and unique value propositions. Often, professionals believe that since this information is spread throughout their resume, there is no need to summarize and present it at the beginning. However, most recruiters and hiring managers today are flooded with hundreds of resumes and lack the time to read through every line of each document to determine which candidates have the requisite skills for the job. Thus, candidates can make recruiters’ and hiring managers’ lives easier by summarizing this information in a strong branding statement right at the beginning of the resume in a 10- to 15-second read.More importantly, job seekers can do themselves a wealth of good by following their branding statement with a sect ion that showcases five to seven of their proudest career achievements. Such a section should highlight accomplishments that demonstrate a broad spectrum of skill sets that are relevant to their target field. This can be done by underscoring the quantitative and qualitative results of their work, such as costs cut, revenue generated, time saved, customer satisfaction increased, errors decreased, manuals written, policies and procedures developed, training instituted and so forth.Even more effective, a career achievements section can outline the story behind the outcomes, in a bite-sized, bulleted Challenge, Actions, Results format. By nature, people learn and understand people best through their unique stories, which is why interviewers often ask candidates to discuss times when they have performed a particular action. Articulating stories, both on a resume and in an interview, demonstrates to an employer that the candidate is purposeful in their actions and both understands and can articulate their process. Furthermore, this section backs up the skills the job seeker presents in their branding statement.Many job seekers do not include career achievement sections because they believe the time to share this information will be during the interview. In this competitive job market, however, without sharing these successes on a resume, an interview may never come. Yet most commonly, the reason for this lack of information on job seekers’ resumes is because from the time we are children, we are taught not to brag about our accomplishments, as others may find us obnoxious. Over the years, this lesson makes it progressively more challenging to acknowledge our accomplishments to ourselves, nonetheless an audience. However, when job seeking, emphasizing our unique talents and successes is critical, and thus we must unlearn the lesson, at least in this arena.What can job boards do to help job seekers write a better resume?A number of job boards are already provid ing resources to job seekers, such as resume critiques and tips. However, a wonderful resource would be to not only suggest providing branding statements and achievement stories, but to offer suggested skills required by various career fields, as well as common deliverables for these fields. For example, an accountant might need skills like variance analysis, bank reconciliation, and audit preparation, and common deliverables may be decreasing risk exposure, diminishing accounting errors and automating processes. Sometimes the hardest part of resume writing is getting started in figuring what skills and accomplishments to highlight. Resources like this may help job seekers brainstorm.What are some red flags we might accidentally put up on a resume or say during an interview?The most common red flags on resumes are generally items that point to age, which can unfortunately lead to age discrimination in some cases. I typically suggest that my clients represent that last 15-20 years of their career and leave off college graduation dates that go further back than 20 years. Furthermore, computer skills that are very dated, like DOS for example, should be left off. I also suggest eliminating AOL email accounts as well, since it is remembered to be a part of the advent of the internet, and the â€Å"dial-up† days. I typically advise clients to get a Gmail account. It is most certainly the â€Å"in† email, forever evolving in its capabilities.In both resumes and interviews, I also advise my clients not to draw attention to job gaps by stating that they were terminated or took a leave due to illness, an accident or a family-related situation. This information can inadvertently lead to fear that such issues may arise again in the future and negatively impact employment if hired.How can employers write job postings to let employees know what they’re looking for? Is it just some requirements, or can they convey a culture in a posting?I am always of th e belief that with job postings, the more detail, the better. With detail, the employer is less likely to attract candidates who lack the requisite experience and skills. As a resume writer, I love job postings that break tasks into umbrella categories and provide the specific accountability within them. This enables me to pull out the candidate’s relevant skills and accomplishments and match them to the posting. When utilized by employers, applicant tracking systems are scanning for this type of skill match, so it works to both the employer’s and candidate’s advantage for employers to offer detailed job descriptions in postings.Conveying corporate culture would be a fantastic advantage to both employer and candidate. Employers can weed out receiving resumes from candidates who may not be a great fit, and candidates can avoid wasting energy applying for a job that will not suit their work style and values.What do you wish everyone, from recruiters to job seekers , knew about resumes?This is a great question, and not an easy one to answer. I would say that I wish recruiters, employers and job seekers recognized that a resume is meant to be a job seeker’s marketing document. Like any marketing collateral, it should showcase the best of who the candidate is. Sometimes, recruiters and employers get frustrated because they later learn that a candidate left off a short-term job, for example. Similarly, candidates occasionally fear leaving off a short-term position because their omission may be â€Å"caught.† There is a staunch difference between omitting a career blip and, say, creating a position you never had on your resume. Candidates should never lie on a resume – this is a matter of ethics and integrity. Marketing documents are created to describe a product’s attributes. No product or person is perfect, but all have their own uniquely fantastic qualities. With this said, the resume is the prelude to the interview. The interview is where candidate and employer see if those unique attributes and the company’s position, team and culture collectively create the right synergy.How will technology change the resume? Will we see more links? Videos? Gimmicks?Technology is absolutely changing resumes in a wonderful way. We can now make our resumes come alive by linking them to our online articles, interviews, features, video presentations, documents, artistic endeavors or similar media. We can also create web resumes and create social media profiles that give recruiters and employers a wider window into who we are, not just what we have done. We can now show employers, in action, what we bring to the table.Yet technology has indeed amplified the pressure for job seekers. I now tell my job-seeking clients that they must be on LinkedIn. It’s not a luxury anymore – for recruiters and hiring managers in most industries, it’s seen as a necessity. Those who are not on LinkedIn ca n be viewed as lacking social media savvy, which is a career no-no. But it’s not just about being on LinkedIn, it’s about using all its resources. Recruiters and hiring managers can gather additional information about candidates from LinkedIn through recommendations and group membership and activity. I do a lot of one-on-one client coaching and group workshops on optimally leveraging LinkedIn and other social media like Twitter and Facebook. Some of this coaching involves what to post and what not to post, how to set privacy settings and simply how to use all the features of the various social media to the job seeker’s advantage.

The Changing Representations of African Americans in Drama Essay

The Changing Representations of African Americans in Drama - Essay Example The fact that "racism inscribed in the nation's Constitution and legal history has practically insured that a national tendency towards blindness, psychosis and stammering around race would carry over into the 21st century,"(Tate 44) and this is clearly demonstrated in America's modern media. Today we see the demonstration and celebration of the clever and reflective achievements of African Americans not only in the field of entertainment, but also in other distinct fields as well. This paper will explore the changing representations of African Americans in theatre and television. I will also examine the implications of these roles and the ways in which they influence others’ perceptions of the black race. There are many intelligent Blacks working in the American theatre today who have labored to bring forth its daring and often healing truths. Reviewing the bulk African American performance, theatre and drama, and brings into focus the years of glory of the Harlem Renaissance, ranging from the plays and sporting events to fights and dances. To assess the development in the American African theatre, one needs to examine the important contributions of the black male and female playwrights. With the contemporary focus on multi-cultural theatre, anthologies of plays by African Americans are important additions about the Black theatre because the number of venues in producing plays by African American authors has greatly increased (Collier). Criteria that make a television and film drama great and some productions mediocre are the significant stories that show the age and the period by portraying the characteristic conflict and choices and immediate circumstances of the characters’ lives. ' lives. Today, the visual media and studies are employing different approaches and methods whereby some skim the surface and shun the question of value, while others penetrate beneath the surface and take on questions of value in the most direct way. Drama and movies have presented models that have had the ability of being challenging, probing, insightful and therapeutic by portraying believable characters in credible situations, challenged to make choices. It is clear "America is experiencing a new black cultural renaissance, and nowhere is it more evident than on the nation's theatre stages." (Nesmith). While old stereotypes are not completely gone. Some shows project Blacks as lazy and not wanting to better themselves, when in reality it is an enormous struggle to overcome oppression and gain equal opportunities for themselves. Everything produced on the television cannot always be great drama. Certain shows set back race relations because their view of Black assimilation is not projected positively. But the works of the African American playwrights present the philosophy and magnitude due to the depth of the inner unity between the characters and the concrete collisions of the socio-historical forces of their time. Around the 1950's, the visual entertainment was shifting toward television shows, and it became important for the survival of the motion picture to have new ideas. This resulted in the 1950 Hollywood presentation of a Black middle class family, "No Way Out." "Thirty years ago, at the height of the Civil Rights Movement, in the year Malcolm X was shot and riots broke out across the country, Douglas Turner Ward used comedy and satire to deliver a message of the